Literaturaren irakaskuntzaren aldeko manifestua
Duela egun batzuk Meettok fundazioak literaturaren irakaskuntzaren aldeko manifestua aurkeztu zuen, zeinarekin bat egin duten hainbat euskal idazlek. "Literaturarekin bakarrik ikasten dena" du izenburutzat manifestuak eta Euskal Idazlearen Elkartearen webgunean aurkitu dugu testua. Jarraian duzue itsatsita.
Literaturarekin bakarrik ikasten dena
Garai nahasiotan, gure burua galdurik sentitzen dugunean ere, literaturak koordenada batzuk ematen dizkigu beti. Anne Frankek oso garbi esan zuen: “Pertsona askeak nekez jabetuko dira inoiz liburuek zer esanahi duten giltzapean bizi garenontzat”. Ispilu aurrean jarri eta galdera egiten digu literaturak: “Aske al gara?”.
Zerbait gertatzen da zure gorputzean Homero irakurtzen duzunean. Aspaldiko egia batek astindu, eta begiak zabaltzen dizkizu. Ulises bihurtzen zara Troiako zaldiaren barruan. “Klasiko batek sekula ez du agortzen esan beharrekoa”, idatzi zuen Italo Calvinok. Klasikoek etorkizuneko esperientziari forma bat ematen diotela ere gogorarazi zigun, ereduak, edukiak, konparazio-terminoak, sailkapen-eskemak, balio-eskalak, edertasun-paradigmak emanez. Irakurketa orok uzten du arrasto bat, nahiz eta momentuan ez sentitu.
Irudimenari esker, mitoak eta istorioak asmatu ditugu; etzidamuko teknologia marraztu, eta izarretarainoko bidaiak amestu ditugu. Intuizio poetikoak zientziaren aurrerabidearen aitzindari izan dira. Kronika zehatzek atomoaren egitura trinkoa ulertzera garamatzate. “Literaturak, aintzinakoena den ahozkoak barne, ideiak sortzeko eta gure baitan sartzen diren eta gure espiritua eraldatzen duten ikuspegiak zizelkatzeko gaitasuna du, guk nahi ala ez”. Letra etzana gurea da; esaldia, Olga Tokarczukena.
Literaturak mundu guztiari irekita egon behar du, inolako balaztarik gabe. Sarbide unibertsala.
Literaturak esnatu eta astindu egiten gaituelako, gure gogoa piztu. Erregaia eta sua da. Bakarrik irakurtzen dugu, baina ez gaude bakarrik irakurtzen dugunean. Liburuan irekitzen zaizkigun garai eta pertsonaietara lotuta gaude, fikziozko pertsonaietan lur hartzen dugu, bidaiatik itzultzean ezaugarri berriak iradokitzeko. Izan ere, literatura da gizabanako eta gizarte gisa geure buruari zor diogun kontraesana eta ñabardura.
Irakurtzeak ez gaitu, akaso, pertsona hobeak egingo, baina munduaren zabaltasunaren eta aniztasunaren zantzuak utziko ditu irakurlearengan. Era berean, irakurritakoa lagunekin, ezagunekin, ikaskideekin, irakurketa taldeko kideekin edo sare sozialetan partekatzeak liburuak adina plazer edo gehiago emango digu: liburuei buruz hitz egitea liburuak berridazteko modu bat da. Eta literaturaren historia irakurketaren historia da; erreketa publikoetatik, zentsuratik eta gure gailu elektronikoen hots eta ardailetik harago doa.
Ez gara asko izango, baina zenbakiak ez dira dena. Ondo artikulatutako ekosistema bat osatzen dugu: irakurleak, idazleak, itzultzaileak, editoreak, literatur kritikoak, liburu-saltzaileak, liburuzainak… Literaturak batzen gaitu. Horregatik sendotu eta prestigiatu nahi dugu sare hori, liburuaren balioa aldarrikatu. Literaturak erakusten diguna literatura irakurriz baino ezin delako ikasi. Literaturak denoi dagozkigun gauzez hitz egiten baitu: kemenaz, beldurraz, adiskidetasunaz, heriotzaz, maitasunaz, elkartasunaz.
Irakurtzen duenak badaki zergatik irakurtzen duen. Irakurtzen ez duten horietakoa bazara, zure arrazoiak izango dituzu.
Edozelan ere, zaude lasai. Literaturaz arduratzen ez bazara ere, literatura beti arduratuko da zutaz. Hori ere liburuei esker ikasi dugu.
Izenpetzaileak
Izenpetzaileen zerrenda Berrian aurkitu dugu.
irudia: Wikimedia Commons, cc0
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