PuntuEus Behatokiak Googlek euskarazko bilaketetan eragindako kaltea datuekin baieztatu du
PuntuEus Fundazioaren Behatokiak 2022an neurtu zituen datuen berri eman du gaur prentsaurrean. Hauekin batera, Albert Cuesta, Aliança per la Presència Digital del Català erakundearen koordinatzailea eta Luistxo Fernandez, Euskal Wikilarien Kultur Elkarteko lehendakaria egon dira ekitaldian. Izan ere, euskarazko .eus domeinuaren eboluzio onaren datuak emateaz gain, prentsaurrean azaldu dute nola iaztik Googlek emaitzak sailkatzeko modua aldatu zuenetik, espainolaren aldeko joera bat ikusten dela emaitzetan, euskarazko edo katalanezko emaitzen kaltetan. Eta horrek eragina du, Euskal Herrian, euskarazko Wikipediaren orri-ikuskatzeetan eta .eus domeinua duten eduki euskarazkoen ikusgarritasunean.
Behatokiak Interneten euskarak duen egoera ikertzea du helburu, baita .EUS domeinuaren egoera eta eboluzioa aztertzea ere. Aurten, urtez urte aztertzen diren adierazleez gain, Googlen bilaketa zerbitzuak euskara diskriminatzen duela pentsatzeko zantzurik badagoen aztertu da. Eta bai, bada.
Kezkaren abiapuntuetako bat Aliança erankunde katalan berriak egindako ikerketa izan da. Albert Cuesta koordinatzaileak prentsaurrean azaldu duenez, bilaketak egiterako orduan Googlen algoritmoak katalanaren ikusgarritasunean duen eragina aztertu dute, eta 2022ko udaberritik aurrera, gaztelaniazko emaitzak lehenesten eta katalanez zeudenak zigortzen dabilela ondorioztatu dute. Honen eraginez, aztertutako webguneen % 66,5ean, gaztelaniazko eduki baliokideekin alderatuta, katalanaren aukerak ikusgarritasuna galdu duela ikusi dute.
Euskal Herrian, euskarazko Wikipediaren arduradunek ere antzeman dute Googlen algoritmoaren aldaketa. Bisita kopuru orokorraren joera goranzkoa izan arren jaitsiera neurtu dute hainbat alorretan. Luistxo Fernandez EWKEko lehendakariaren hitzetan, “Euskal Wikilarien Kultur Elkartean kezkatuta gaude, eduki eta kalitate gehikuntzan Euskarazko Wikipedia elikatzen ondo gabiltzan frogak dauzkagulako, eta hala ere, iaztik, alor zehatz batzuetan trafikoa galtzen ari gara. Googletik bideratutako bilaketetan dago gakoa, oso argi daukagu”.
PuntuEus-ek aztertutako laginean ere, Googlen bilaketa zerbitzuan euskara gazteleraren mesedetan diskriminatzen dela identifikatu dute, eta, ondorioz, euskarak Interneten duen ikusgarritasuna galdu duela nabarmendu dute. “Euskal erabiltzaileen bilaketei gaztelaniazko emaitzekin erantzuten die Googlek. Honek ondorio larriak ditu, euskara baztertu eta gaztelaniaz nabigatzera eramaten dituelako erabiltzaileak, euskararen ikusgarritasuna murriztuz. Orain, azterketa sakonduko dugu emaitzak euskal Interneten izan duen eragina neurtu eta hartu beharreko neurri zuzentzaileak aztertzeko”, azaldu du Josu Waliño PuntuEus Fundazioko zuzendariak.
Datu positiboak ere bai
Baina ez da dena txarra. Googlek ezarritako aldaketen ondorioak hor dira, baina PuntuEus fundazioak emandako datuetan bada alde onik ere.
Batetik, ia 15.000 domeinu direla jada .eus luzapena dutenak, hazkunde tasa sendo batekin, eta berritze tasa ere bai (domeinuen %90 inguru, iraungitze data iristean, berritu egiten dira). .com eta .es domeinuen ondoren, domeinu erabiliena da Euskal Herrian
Euskara, puntueus webguneen %76an agertzen da, eta hau bada azpimarratzekoa, ze Fundazioak Euskal Herriko webgune guztien azterketa bat ere egiten du (%90a betetzera iristen den lagun batekin), eta webgune horietan (hau da, merkatu osoan) ikusten da %14 dela euskararen presentzia. Hortaz, "arnasgune" digitala da puntueus-ak, euskararen presentzia digitalarentzat mugarri inportante bat, %76 horrekin.
Tipologikoki, %72 webgune nagusi edo osoak markatzeko erabiltzen da .eus, eta %14 dira desbideraketak. Eta beste tipologia interesgarri bat, nork erosi izan dituen 14.000 puntueus horiek, eta gehienak enpresak direla. Susmo hedatua egon daiteke erakunde edo administrazioen esparru bat dela .eus, eta ez, %9 dira bakarrik domeinu guztien artean, grafikoak erakusten duen bezala.
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